Lesser Redpoll

(Acanthis cabaret)

birds / passerines / sparrows, finches & allies / true finches

Description

The lesser redpoll (Acanthis cabaret) is a small finch native to Europe, distinguishable from the similar common redpoll (Acanthis flammea) by its slightly smaller size and a more brown and darker plumage. Adult lesser redpolls measure around 11.5 to 12.5 cm (4.5-4.9 in) in length with a wingspan of approximately 20 to 22 cm (7.9-8.7 in). They weigh between 9 to 12 grams (0.32-0.42 oz). These birds have a distinctive red forehead, black bib, and streaky brown body, with males exhibiting a pinkish flush on the chest and face during the breeding season. Their range extends across the British Isles and Central Europe, with some populations extending into southern Scandinavia. The lesser redpoll is known to hybridize with the common redpoll, leading to intermediate forms that can make identification challenging. The two species are sometimes considered conspecific.

Diet & habitat

Lesser redpolls inhabit mixed woodlands, especially those with abundant birch and alder trees. They are also found in heathlands, gardens, and shrublands. Their diet primarily consists of small seeds, with a preference for birch and alder. They are adept at extracting seeds from catkins, often seen hanging acrobatically from branches. During the breeding season, they may also consume insects to provide additional protein for their chicks.

Migration

Lesser redpolls exhibit partial migratory behavior. Northern populations migrate southwards in winter, while those in milder climates may remain resident or move only short distances. Migration typically occurs from September to November and the return journey from March to April. These movements are generally influenced by food availability rather than harsh weather conditions.

Nesting

The breeding season for lesser redpolls begins in late April and continues through July. They build small, cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs, often at considerable heights. The nests are constructed from twigs, grass, and moss, lined with feathers and down. Females lay 4 to 7 eggs, which are incubated for about 11 to 13 days. Both parents participate in feeding the nestlings, which fledge approximately 12 to 14 days after hatching. Lesser redpolls may raise two broods in a single breeding season.

Status

The lesser redpoll is, together with the common redpoll, listed as least concern by the IUCN. However, its populations have experienced declines due to habitat loss and changes in land use. Conservation efforts focus on preserving their woodland habitats and ensuring the availability of food sources.