Mourning Dove

The mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) is one of North America’s most common and widespread birds. It is easily recognizable by its slender, tailed silhouette, soft, greyish-brown feathers, and distinctive black spots on the wings. Adults typically measure between 23 to 34 cm (9-13 in) in length, with males being slightly larger than females. One of its most distinguishing features is the gentle, mournful cooing sound that contributes to its name. This species can be differentiated from similar species by its pointed tail with white edges, as opposed to the rounded tails of other doves. These birds are also remarkably fast flyers, reaching speeds up to 88 kilometers per hour (55 mph).

Mourning doves thrive in a variety of habitats, including agricultural lands, prairies, open woods, and urban areas. They show a particular preference for areas where the ground is bare or sparsely vegetated, which allows them to forage for food more easily. Their diet primarily consists of seeds, which make up more than 99% of their intake. They feed on a wide variety of seeds from grasses, grains, and weeds, and occasionally consume snails and insects. Feeding typically occurs on the ground, where mourning doves can be seen foraging in pairs or small flocks. They exhibit a unique feeding behavior known as “head-bobbing,” which aids in their vision while moving.

The breeding season for mourning doves extends from March to September, during which they can raise several broods. These birds are monogamous, with pairs forming strong bonds throughout the breeding season. Nesting sites are often located in trees, shrubs, or occasionally on the ground, with nests constructed from twigs and grasses. Females typically lay two eggs per clutch, which both parents incubate for about 14 days. The hatchlings, known as squabs, are fed a nutrient-rich secretion known as “crop milk” produced by both parents. Fledging occurs roughly 15 days post-hatching, although the young may stay nearby and be fed by parents for up to two weeks thereafter.

The mourning dove has a vast population and an extensive range. Despite being a popular game bird, with millions hunted annually across North America, their populations remain stable thanks to their high reproductive rate. However, habitat loss and changes in agricultural practices can impact local populations. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.