Description
The Indian pond heron (Ardeola grayii) is a small heron species native to the Indian subcontinent. It measures about 45 cm (18 inches) in length with a wingspan of approximately 80 cm (31 inches). This species is distinguished by its white wings, yellow legs, and a brownish back and head. During the breeding season, it exhibits striking plumage with long neck feathers and yellow-brown head, neck, and chest. It is more streaked in its non-breeding plumage. The Indian pond heron is easy to differentiate from other pond herons, such as the squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides), when in breeding plumage, but is harder to separate in non-breeding plumage. Except for the Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus), which shares its range on the Andaman and Nicobars Islands in winter, it does note share range with other species of pond heron.
Diet & habitat
Indian pond herons are commonly found in freshwater wetlands, including ponds, lakes, rivers, and marshes, often near agricultural fields. It is quite adaptable and can often be found in urban areas with suitable water bodies. They are opportunistic feeders with a diet that consists mainly of fish, insects, crustaceans, and amphibians. These herons will typically either walk slowly or employ a sit-and-wait hunting strategy, remaining motionless and striking quickly to catch prey when it gets close.
Nesting
The breeding season of the Indian pond heron typically spans from June to September, coinciding with the monsoon. These birds are colonial nesters, often nesting in mixed-species heronries. They build their nests in trees or shrubs near water bodies using twigs and other plant materials. Females lay between 3 to 5 pale blue-green eggs, which are incubated for about 18 to 24 days. Both parents share the incubation duties. After hatching, the chicks fledge in about 30 days but remain dependent on their parents for some time thereafter.
Status
The Indian pond heron is classified as least concern by the IUCN Red List. It is widely distributed and common throughout its range, facing no significant threats at present. However, habitat loss due to wetland drainage and pollution can potentially impact local populations.
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