Description
The white-spotted fantail (Rhipidura albogularis), also known as spot-breasted fantail, is a small and agile bird endemic to Central and Southern India. It is notable for its dynamic tail movements and lively behavior. This species measures around 15-17 cm (5.9-6.7 in) in length. It is primarily dark greyish-brown on its upperparts, and has distinctive white spots on a dark brown upper chest. It has white eyebrows, a broad white throat, and a white belly. The tail, which is sometimes fanned out, is a key characteristic, displaying a dark color with white edges that are especially conspicuous during flight or when the bird is actively foraging.
The white-spotted fantail can be confused with the white-browed fantail (Rhipidura aureola). However, it can be distinguished by the lack of a more prominent white eyebrow that is present on the white-browed fantail, as well as by its distinct dark chest with white spots.
Diet & habitat
The white-spotted fantail thrives in a variety of habitats, including deciduous forests, scrublands, and even urban gardens. It favors areas with dense foliage where it can find ample insects to feed on. This bird’s diet consists mainly of small insects such as flies, beetles, and caterpillars, which it skillfully catches while flying. Its foraging behavior is particularly notable; the fantail uses its fanned tail to disturb foliage and flush out insects, which it then captures with acrobatic aerial maneuvers.
Nesting
The breeding season of the white-spotted fantail generally occurs between March and July, though this can vary depending on its range. During this time, the male performs elaborate displays, including fanning its tail and performing aerial acrobatics to attract a mate. The nest is a small, cup-shaped structure made from fine grasses, rootlets, and cobwebs, usually placed in the fork of a branch. The female lays 2 to 3 eggs, which are incubated for about 14 days. Both parents are involved in the care of the eggs and the subsequent feeding of the chicks. The fledglings leave the nest after about 12-15 days but continue to be fed by the parents for a short period afterward.
Status
The white-spotted fantail is listed as least concern by the IUCN, owing to its wide range and stable population. While habitat destruction and fragmentation pose potential threats in some areas, the species has shown adaptability to human-modified landscapes, including gardens and plantations. As a result, it is not currently considered at significant risk of decline.
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