Red-necked Grebe

The red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena) is a medium-sized water bird widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. Its range extends across parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. In North America, it is found primarily in Canada and the northern United States, while in Europe, it is prevalent in northern and eastern regions, extending into parts of central Asia. This species has a distinctive plumage, with a chestnut-red neck and grey throat and cheeks. It measures approximately 40–50 cm (16-20 in) in length, with a wingspan of 77–85 cm (30-33 in). It has robust body, long neck, and dagger-like bill. In non-breeding plumage, the red-necked grebe appears duller, without the red neck.

Red-necked grebes inhabit a variety of freshwater bodies, including lakes, ponds, and marshes, particularly those with ample aquatic vegetation. They are also found in coastal waters during the winter months. These birds are highly aquatic, spending most of their time in water, where they are adept swimmers and divers. Their diet mainly consists of fish, which they catch by diving underwater. They also consume aquatic invertebrates, such as insects, crustaceans, and mollusks. The red-necked grebe hunts by sight, using its sharp bill to snatch prey, often performing quick dives and agile maneuvers underwater.

Red-necked grebes are migratory birds, with distinct seasonal movements between breeding and wintering grounds. In North America, they typically breed in the northern parts of the continent and migrate southward to the coastal regions of the United States during winter. European populations migrate from northern breeding grounds to more coastal or temperate regions, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. The migration distances can vary significantly, with some individuals traveling thousands of kilometers. Migration usually occurs in large groups, often during the night.

The breeding season for the red-necked grebe begins in late April and extends through July. These birds are monogamous and form pairs during the breeding season. They are known for their elaborate courtship displays, which include synchronized swimming, head shaking, and presenting each other with pieces of vegetation.

Red-necked grebes build floating nests anchored to submerged vegetation in shallow water. The nest is a platform of aquatic plants and mud, carefully constructed by both parents. Females lay between 3 to 5 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for about 20-23 days. The chicks are precocial, meaning they are relatively mature and mobile from birth. They leave the nest shortly after hatching but are fed and cared for by the parents. The young fledge, or acquire the ability to fly, at around 50-60 days of age.

The red-necked grebe is currently listed as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, some local populations are experiencing declines due to habitat loss, pollution, and disturbances from human activities. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving wetland habitats and monitoring populations to ensure their continued stability.