Description
The rock eagle-owl (Bubo bengalensis), also known as the Indian eagle-owl, is a large, striking bird of prey native to the Indian subcontinent. It inhabits a range that extends across India, Nepal, and parts of Pakistan. This species is relatively similar in appearance to the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) but is generally smaller, with a wingspan ranging from 110 to 138 cm (43-54 in) and a body length of about 50 to 56 cm (20-22 in). It typically weighs between 1.1 to 1.7 kg (2.4-3.7 lbs). It has prominent, orange-yellow eyes and pronounced ear tufts. Its plumage is generally brown with intricate patterns of streaks and spots, providing excellent camouflage against rocky and forested backgrounds. The facial disc is pale, and the throat has a characteristic white patch, often visible during territorial calls. Unlike its Eurasian cousin, the rock eagle-owl tends to have a more rufous hue to its plumage.
Diet & habitat
The rock eagle-owl primarily inhabits rocky hillsides, scrub forests, and dense thickets. It is also found near human settlements, where it may take advantage of the abundance of prey. Its diet is diverse, consisting mainly of small mammals like rodents, bats, and sometimes small birds. It is also known to prey on reptiles, amphibians, and large insects, demonstrating its adaptability in different environments.
This owl is a formidable hunter, employing a sit-and-wait strategy. It uses its excellent night vision and silent flight to swoop down on unsuspecting prey. The rock eagle-owl is often observed perched quietly during the day, blending into its surroundings, before becoming active at dusk.
Behavior
The rock eagle-owl is largely nocturnal, although it may occasionally be seen during the day, particularly during the breeding season. It is a solitary bird, except when mating or raising chicks. Known for its haunting calls, which are deeper and more resonant than those of other owl species in its range, this owl’s vocalizations play a crucial role in territory establishment and mate attraction. The call is a deep, resonant “whoo” that can be heard over long distances, particularly during the stillness of the night. The rock eagle-owl is also associated with various myths and superstitions in local cultures, where its call is sometimes considered an omen.
Nesting
The breeding season for the rock eagle-owl typically begins in November and lasts until April. The species is monogamous, and pairs are known to form long-term bonds. Nesting usually takes place on rocky ledges, in crevices, or occasionally in abandoned nests of other large birds. The female lays 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated primarily by her for about 35 days. During this period, the male takes on the role of provider, hunting and bringing food to the nest. Once hatched, the chicks are altricial, meaning they are born relatively undeveloped and require significant parental care. They fledge at around 6 to 7 weeks of age but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks before becoming fully independent.
Status
The rock eagle-owl is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. While it is not considered globally threatened, the species faces certain localized threats, such as habitat destruction due to urbanization and deforestation. Additionally, in some areas, the species is persecuted due to the superstitions and myths surrounding owls. However, its adaptability to various habitats, including proximity to human dwellings, has helped it maintain stable population levels across its range.