Description
The Indian scops-owl (Otus bakkamoena) is a small owl species found across South Asia, including India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This nocturnal bird measures about 20-22 cm (7.9-8.7 in) in length and has a wingspan of approximately 60.5-66 cm (24-26 in). It is characterized by its prominent ear tufts, mottled grey-brown plumage, and distinctive facial disc bordered with dark feathers. The Indian scops-owl can be distinguished from similar species, such as the collared scops-owl (Otus lettia) found in Southeast Asia, by its less pronounced collar and slightly smaller size. Vocalizations are also different between these species.
Diet & habitat
The Indian scops-owl inhabits a variety of environments, including deciduous and evergreen forests, gardens, plantations, and urban areas. Its adaptability to different habitats makes it a common sight in both rural and urban settings. The diet of this owl primarily consists of insects, small mammals, birds, and reptiles. It hunts by perching silently and swooping down on prey, often catching insects in flight or plucking them from foliage with its talons.
Behavior
Indian scops-owls are solitary and nocturnal, becoming active at dusk and spending the day roosting in dense foliage. They are known for their distinctive, monotonous calls that sound like a series of short, sharp hoots. These calls are used for communication between mates and to establish territory. While generally solitary, they form monogamous pairs during the breeding season.
Nesting
The breeding season for the Indian scops-owl varies regionally but typically occurs from February to April. These owls nest in tree cavities or old woodpecker holes, where the female lays 3-5 white eggs. The female incubates the eggs for about 24-25 days, relying on the male to provide food. After hatching, the chicks remain in the nest for approximately 4-5 weeks before fledging. Both parents are involved in feeding and caring for the young during this period.
Status
The Indian scops-owl is listed as least concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and stable population trend. However, it faces threats from habitat destruction, pesticide use, and human disturbance, which can impact local populations. Conservation efforts focused on preserving forest habitats and reducing pesticide use are essential for ensuring the continued survival of this species.
Pictures
