Rufous-tailed Lark

The rufous-tailed lark (Ammomanes phoenicura) is a small, robust passerine bird with a strong bill native to the Indian subcontinent. It measures around 16 cm (6 in) in length, with a wingspan of approximately 26 to 28 cm. This lark is characterized by its earthy brown upperparts, which provide excellent camouflage against the arid, rocky terrains it inhabits. Its most distinguishing feature is the rufous tail and belly, which contrasts with its otherwise subdued coloration. The chest is a lighter shade of brown, often with faint streaks. The rufous-tailed lark can be differentiated from similar species, such as the desert lark (Ammomanes deserti), by its darker plumage, the red belly and tail, and a darker bill.

This lark is typically found in dry, open habitats, including scrublands, fallow fields, and rocky outcrops. It thrives in areas with sparse vegetation, where it can easily forage for food. The rufous-tailed lark is primarily a ground-dweller, feeding on seeds, grains, and small insects. Its diet varies seasonally, with a greater reliance on seeds during the dry season and a higher intake of insects during the monsoon, when these are more abundant.

The bird’s foraging behavior is methodical; it walks or hops on the ground, using its strong beak to pick seeds or insects from the soil surface or just below it. Occasionally, it will engage in short flights to catch airborne insects or to move between feeding sites.

The breeding season of the rufous-tailed lark generally occurs between February and May, coinciding with the onset of the pre-monsoon periods. During this time, males are known to perform aerial displays, flying up and then descending in a series of rapid, fluttering wingbeats while singing to attract females.

The species is a ground-nester, often choosing a shallow scrape in the earth, sometimes lined with pebbles, grass, or other soft materials. The female typically lays 2 to 4 eggs, which are pale and speckled, blending in with the surrounding environment. Incubation is carried out mainly by the female and lasts about 12 to 14 days. After hatching, both parents take part in feeding the chicks, which fledge approximately 10 to 12 days after hatching. 

The rufous-tailed lark is currently classified as least concern by the IUCN Red List, reflecting its wide distribution and stable population numbers. While the species is not considered threatened, it faces habitat degradation due to agricultural expansion and land-use changes. Nonetheless, its adaptability to various dry habitats has allowed it to maintain a relatively stable presence across its range.