Red-crested Pochard

The red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) is a diving duck with a widespread distribution across Europe and Asia. Adult males are easily recognizable by their bright red bill, orange-red head, black chest, brown back, and pale flanks, while females and juveniles are more subdued with brownish plumage and a pale cheek patch. This species typically measures between 53-57 cm (21-22.5 in) in length and has a wingspan of 84-88 cm (33-35 in). Is is somewhat similar to the common pochard (Aythya ferina), but the male red-crested pochard has a brighter head coloration. The common pochard also lacks the red bill and brown back, and the female lacks the pale cheeks of the red-crested pochard.

Red-crested pochards are primarily found in freshwater lakes, marshes, and reservoirs with ample aquatic vegetation. They favor shallow waters where they can easily forage for food. Their diet consists mainly of aquatic plants, seeds, and roots, which they obtain by diving or dabbling. They are also known to consume small invertebrates, especially during the breeding season when additional protein is required. Although these are diving ducks, they seldom dive and are more often seen upending in the water to reach submerged vegetation, which is more typical for dabbling ducks.

Red-crested pochards are partially migratory, with their movement patterns influenced by geographical location and climate conditions. Northern populations tend to migrate southwards during the winter, reaching southern Europe, North Africa, and parts of South Asia. Migration typically occurs in late autumn and early winter, with the birds returning to their breeding grounds in spring.

Breeding season for the red-crested pochard generally begins in late spring. These birds are monogamous, forming pair bonds that often last throughout the breeding season. Females build nests near water, using reeds and other plant materials to create a concealed spot for laying eggs. A typical clutch consists of 8-12 eggs, which the female incubates for about 26-28 days. During this period, the male may stay nearby to guard the territory. Once hatched, the ducklings are precocial, meaning they are relatively mature and mobile from the moment they emerge. Fledging occurs around 50-55 days after hatching.

The red-crested pochard is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List, indicating that the species is not considered threatened at a global level. However, certain populations face pressures from habitat loss, pollution, and hunting, which can impact local numbers. Conservation efforts focusing on habitat preservation and pollution control are essential to ensure the long-term survival of this colorful waterfowl.