Description
The Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) is a small bird of prey which is widespread across the temperate and subtropical parts of the Old World. Males measure 29–34 cm (11.4-13.4 in) in length and females 35–41 cm (13.8-16.1 in), showcasing sexual dimorphism in size. Males have a bluish-grey back and wings with orange-barred underparts, while females and juveniles are brown above with brown barring below.
Even though there is a significant size difference, the Eurasian sparrowhawk is sometimes confused with the larger and bulkier northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Other than size, neither sex of the goshawk is grey-blue and orange, such as the male sparrowhawk, the white eyebrow on the goshawk is more conspicuous, contrasting with a darker ear patch, and its barring on the undersides are finer. The Eurasian sparrowhawk also has a comparatively shorter wingspan and a distinct flight pattern, which includes rapid wingbeats followed by a glide, contrasting to the slower wingbeats and longer glides of the goshawk.
Diet & habitat
Eurasian sparrowhawks can be found in a range of habitats from dense forests and woodlands, to open countryside and urban areas. They primarily feed on smaller birds, which they catch with bursts of speed, often flying low through trees to surprise their prey. Their diet can include species ranging from sparrows to pigeons and doves, reflecting the sparrowhawk’s adaptability. They are often seen in gardens where bird feeders attract their prey. The notable size difference between males and females allows them to hunt different prey sizes, reducing competition for food within the species.
Migration
Eurasian sparrowhawks exhibit varied migration behaviors; northern populations tend to be migratory, traveling to southern Europe, Africa, and southern Asia for the winter, while those in milder regions may be resident year-round. The extent of their migration depends largely on food availability and weather conditions.
Nesting
The breeding season for Eurasian sparrowhawk starts in early spring. Males perform aerial displays to attract females. Nests are usually built in trees and made from sticks. The female lays 4 to 6 eggs, which are primarily incubated by her over a period of about 33 days. The chicks fledge around 4 to 5 weeks after hatching, with the parents continuing to feed them for another couple of weeks. They reach sexual maturity after 1-3 years, and typically live to be 4 years old, although the oldest known died at 20 years of age.
Status
The Eurasian sparrowhawk is classified as least concern by the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population across its wide range. Despite facing threats from pesticide use in the past, conservation measures and legal protections have helped their numbers recover in many areas.
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