Short-eared Owl

The short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) is a medium-sized owl with a widespread range, found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, as well as parts of Africa and various islands. This species typically measures between 34-43 cm (13-17 inches) in length, with a wingspan ranging from 85-110 cm (33-43 inches). Distinctive features include its mottled brown, buff, and white plumage, which provides excellent camouflage in grasslands and open areas. The short-eared owl is named for its small, often inconspicuous ear tufts, which are much shorter than those of the similar long-eared owl (Asio otus). Its yellow eyes are accentuated by black rings, giving it a striking appearance.

Short-eared owls primarily inhabit open landscapes such as grasslands, marshes, tundra, and agricultural fields. They are versatile hunters, preying mostly on small mammals like voles, mice, and shrews. They also consume birds, insects, and occasionally amphibians. Hunting primarily at dawn and dusk, these owls use their acute hearing and keen vision to detect prey, often flying low over fields and meadows.

These owls are known for their buoyant, moth-like flight, which distinguishes them from other owl species. Short-eared owls are generally solitary but can be seen in loose groups during the winter months when food is abundant. They are also known for their unique courtship displays, which include aerial acrobatics and wing clapping. Unlike many owls, short-eared owls are often active during the day, especially in northern latitudes where daylight is prolonged.

Short-eared owls are partially migratory, with populations in colder regions moving southward during the winter months. Migration distances can vary greatly, with some individuals traveling several hundred to a few thousand kilometers. Their migration is influenced by food availability and weather conditions, leading to unpredictable patterns in some regions.

The breeding season for short-eared owls typically begins in late winter to early spring. They are ground-nesters, choosing sites in tall grass or low vegetation to conceal their nests. The female lays between 4-7 eggs, which are incubated for about 24-28 days. The male provides food for the female and the chicks during this period. Once hatched, the chicks fledge at about 4-5 weeks old, although they may remain dependent on their parents for some time after leaving the nest.

The short-eared owl is currently listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN, but its populations are declining in some areas due to habitat loss and degradation. Agricultural practices, development, and the draining of wetlands pose significant threats to their preferred habitats. Conservation efforts focus on preserving grasslands and wetlands, essential for their nesting and hunting.