Ashy Drongo

The ashy drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus) is a medium-sized passerine bird widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia, ranging from the Indian subcontinent to southern China, and down through Indonesia. It is distinguished by its sleek, all-grey plumage that can vary from light ash-grey to dark slate-grey, depending on the subspecies. It typically measures about 26-29 cm (10.2-11.4 in) in length, including its characteristic forked tail, which is slightly longer in proportion to its body compared to other drongos. The eyes are a striking red, which contrasts sharply with its dark, ash-colored feathers.

In the Indian subcontinent the subspecies is very dark and very similar to the black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), but it is a little smaller, somewhat paler, has a longer tail, and it lacks the white rictal spot of the black drongo. In other parts of its range, the ashy drongo is paler grey, and some subspecies have white markings besides or around the eyes.

The ashy drongo inhabits a variety of forested environments, including both evergreen and deciduous forests, as well as secondary growth and open woodland. It is also commonly found at the edges of forests and in cultivated areas. This bird is highly adaptable and can be seen at elevations ranging from lowland plains up to 2,500 meters in mountainous regions. Its diet primarily consists of insects, which it skillfully catches in flight with acrobatic maneuvers. It may also consume small fruits and berries, particularly when insects are scarce.

The ashy drongo exhibits both resident and migratory populations, depending on the geographical region. Northern populations, such as those breeding in the Himalayas and northern parts of China, typically migrate southward to warmer regions during the winter, traveling distances that can exceed 1,500 kilometers. This seasonal migration usually occurs from late September to early October, with the birds returning to their breeding grounds around March or April.

The breeding season of the ashy drongo varies across its range but generally occurs between April and July. During this period, these birds engage in elaborate aerial displays and aggressive defense of their nesting territory. The nest is a small, cup-shaped structure made of twigs and grass, usually positioned high in the fork of a tree.

Both the male and female participate in incubating the eggs, which are typically 2-4 in number. The incubation period lasts about 14-16 days. After hatching, the chicks are altricial and are cared for by both parents. The fledglings leave the nest after about 20-23 days but remain dependent on the parents for some time thereafter.

The ashy drongo is listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and stable population numbers. However, habitat loss due to deforestation and agricultural expansion poses potential threats in certain regions. The adaptability of this species to different habitats has helped it avoid significant declines, unlike some more specialized forest-dwelling birds.