Indian Pied Starling

The Indian pied starling (Gracupica contra), also known as the Indian pied myna, is native to the Indian subcontinent, found predominantly across India, extending into Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. This medium-sized starling typically measures about 19-21 cm (7.5-8.3 in) in length. It is known for its white underparts and glossy black upper parts, creating a sharp contrast that is especially visible during flight. The Indian pied starling was previously considered the same species as the Siamese pied starling (Gracupica floweri) and the Javan pied starling (Gracupica jalla), but they have recently been recognized as separate species due to distinct genetic, morphological, and vocal differences. The Indian pied starling is distinguishable from its relatives by having the combination of a black crown and a partially orange bill.

Indian pied starlings are adaptable birds, commonly inhabiting open woodlands, farmlands, and urban areas, particularly those that are close to water bodies. They are omnivorous, with a diet that includes fruits, nectar, insects, and human-provided grains. They often feed in large flocks, especially in highly cultivated areas where grains are abundant. Their feeding habits include foraging on the ground, plucking fruits directly from trees, and sometimes catching insects in flight.

Indian pied starlings can mimic a variety of sounds, including human-made noises. This skill is especially noticeable in urban environments, where these starlings adapt by imitating common urban sounds as part of their communication repertoire.

Breeding season for the Indian pied starling varies slightly depending on the geographical location but generally occurs during the spring and early summer. They build large nests high up in trees, but can also use artificial structures, such as lampposts. A typical clutch consists of 4-5 eggs. Both parents participate in nesting duties, with the incubation period lasting about 14-16 days. The fledglings are ready to leave the nest approximately three weeks after hatching.

The Indian pied starling is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN. This is due to its wide distribution and large populations that do not currently face significant threats. However, like many species, it could potentially be impacted by severe habitat destruction or changes in agricultural practices that reduce their food sources.