Lesser Whitethroat

The lesser whitethroat (Curruca curruca) is a small species of warbler, measuring 12.5-14 cm (12.5-14 in) in length, with a wingspan of 18-20 cm (7.1-7.9 in). It is found throughout most of Eurasia and parts of northern Africa. This species has a predominantly grey-brown plumage, a pale underbelly, a grey head, and a distinctive white throat. It has less chestnut color on the wings compared to its larger close relative, the common whitethroat (Curruca communis), and its song is less musical, often described as a dry, chattering trill. The head also appears smaller and rounder on the lesser whitethroat.

Lesser whitethroats inhabit a variety of semi-open landscapes. They are often found in shrubby areas, orchards, and on the edges of forests. Their diet mainly consists of insects, which they glean from foliage, and during the autumn, they can often be seen eating berries and small fruits, adapting their diet to the seasonal availability of food sources.

The lesser whitethroat is a migratory bird, spending its breeding season in temperate Europe and Asia and wintering in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia. The migration journey begins around September, with return migrations starting in April. They travel at night using the stars for navigation, covering remarkable distances across various terrains and sea crossings.

Breeding season starts in late April when the males establish territories and attract females with their song. The nest is typically built in dense bushes and is composed of twigs and grass, lined with finer materials. The female lays 3-6 eggs per clutch, which are incubated for about 12-13 days. Both parents are involved in feeding the fledglings, who leave the nest approximately 10 days after hatching but stay dependent on their parents for a few more weeks.

The lesser whitethroat is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List. It has a wide range and a large population that appears stable. However, it is vulnerable to habitat loss due to agricultural development and urbanization which can lead to local declines.