Description
The pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) is a distinctive wader known for its upturned bill and black-and-white plumage. It stands at about 42-45 cm (16.5-17.7 in) tall, with a wingspan of 70-80 cm (27.5-31.5 in). Unlike similar species, the pied avocet has a unique black cap that extends down the back of its neck, contrasting with its white cheeks and underparts. This bird is predominantly found across Europe and Asia, and large parts of Africa.
Diet & habitat
Pied avocets frequent shallow, brackish waters such as estuaries, salt pans, and coastal lagoons. Their diet primarily consists of crustaceans and insects, which they forage by sweeping their bills side to side in shallow water. This unique feeding method sets them apart from other waders. They are also known to feed on seeds and other plant matter occasionally.
Migration
These birds are partial migrants. While some populations remain stationary, others, particularly populations in the Northern Hemisphere, migrate southward after the breeding season. Notably, there has been a range expansion in recent years, with the species re-colonizing areas in Europe where it previously became extinct. This expansion is attributed to the creation of new wetland habitats and legal protection.
Nesting
The breeding season of the pied avocet typically begins in April in the Northern Hemisphere, but it varies across its range. These birds are monogamous and exhibit a strong pair bond. They nest in loose colonies on open ground, often near water, laying 3-5 eggs. Both parents share incubation duties, which lasts about 23-25 days. The chicks are precocial and leave the nest within a few hours of hatching, fending for themselves but guarded by parents. They fledge in about 35-42 days.
Status
The pied avocet is widespread and has a large range. However, it faces threats from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and climate change. Conservation efforts have been effective in some regions, leading to the successful re-establishment of the species in parts of its former range. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.
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