Description
The spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis) is a distinctive goose native to wetlands throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It is recognized as one of the largest waterfowl species, with males reaching lengths of up to 115 cm (45 in) and weights of 4-6.8 kg (8.8-15 lb), making them considerably larger than females. These geese are predominantly black or dark brown with a white face, a white belly, and distinct white patches on their wings. Bill and facial skin is red. Their long legs and neck give them a unique profile. One of their most notable features is the spur on their wings, which is used for defense. It is also the fastest flying waterfowl, despite its size, reaching speeds of up to 142 km/h (88 mph). The spur-winged goose is not closely related to other geese, or any other waterfowl, and is put in its own subfamily. It is probably more related to sheldgeese or shelducks than to the true geese.
Diet & habitat
The spur-winged goose inhabits a variety of wetlands, including lakes, marshes, and rivers. It is also found in agricultural lands and grassy plains near water bodies. The diet mainly consists of aquatic plants and small fish, but it is known to consume grain, making it an occasional pest in rice and maize fields. Interestingly, some populations of spur-winged goose have been known to consume toxic blister beetles, which makes them poisonous to eat for both humans and other predators.
Nesting
The breeding season of the spur-winged goose varies geographically but generally coincides with the rainy season. They are monogamous and territorial during this period. Nests are built near water and are made of reeds and grass. Females lay 6-14 eggs, which are incubated for about 30-31 days. Goslings are precocial and can feed themselves shortly after hatching, though they are tended by both parents. They fledge at around 75-80 days old.
Status
Despite facing threats like habitat loss and hunting for meat and eggs, the wide distribution and large populations afford the spur-winged goose a level of security. However, their presence in agricultural areas sometimes leads to conflict with humans. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.
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