Description
The coppersmith barbet (Psilopogon haemacephalus), also known as the crimson-breasted barbet, is a small, vibrant bird found across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It measures approximately 15-18 cm (5.9-7.1 in) in length and is easily recognized by its distinctive red forehead and breast band, which stand out against its green plumage. Its underparts are yellow and white with dark streaks. There are several subspecies of the coppersmith barbet, which exhibit minor variations in coloration, particularly on the head.
One of the most distinguishing features of the coppersmith barbet is its call, which resembles the sound of a coppersmith striking metal with a hammer, hence its name. This metallic “tuk-tuk-tuk” sound is repeated continuously and can be heard from a considerable distance. It can continue for hours on end during the breeding season.
Diet & habitat
The coppersmith barbet thrives in a variety of habitats, including urban gardens, orchards, open forests, and deciduous woodlands. It is highly adaptable and can often be seen in parks and backyards, making it a familiar sight even in densely populated cities.
Its diet primarily consists of fruits and berries, such as figs and guavas, but it also consumes insects, particularly during the breeding season when protein is necessary for chick development. The barbet feeds by perching on branches and plucking fruits with its strong, curved beak. Occasionally, it may also be observed catching insects mid-flight. It plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a seed disperser, aiding in the propagation of various fruit-bearing trees and plants.
Nesting
The breeding season of the coppersmith barbet varies geographically but generally occurs from February to September, peaking between March and June. The species is known for its unique nesting behavior; it excavates nest holes in dead trees or branches using its strong beak. Both males and females participate in the excavation process. After the nest is ready, the female lays 2-4 eggs, which are incubated for about 14 days. Both parents share the responsibility of incubation and feeding the chicks. The fledgling period lasts approximately 33 days, during which the chicks are fed a diet rich in insects to ensure rapid growth and development.
Status
The coppersmith barbet is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List due to its wide distribution and large, stable population. However, it faces threats from habitat loss and degradation, particularly in urban areas where tree cover is being reduced. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its natural habitats and ensuring the availability of suitable nesting sites.
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