Description
The white-browed wagtail (Motacilla maderaspatensis), also known as the large pied wagtail, is a medium-sized passerine bird native to the Indian subcontinent. It can be found across India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. This species is notable for its striking black and white plumage, with a prominent white supercilium (eyebrow) that gives it its name. The white-browed wagtail measures approximately 21-24 cm (8.3-9.5 in) in length, making it the largest of the wagtails. Its black upperparts contrast sharply with the white underparts, and it has a distinctive black patch on its throat and breast. Unlike the similar-looking white wagtail (Motacilla alba), the white-browed wagtail lacks any grey on its back.
Diet & habitat
The white-browed wagtail is typically found near freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, where it prefers open areas with sparse vegetation. It is an insectivorous bird, feeding primarily on insects and other small invertebrates. Its diet includes beetles, flies, caterpillars, and spiders. The white-browed wagtail is often seen foraging along the water’s edge, darting after prey with quick, agile movements. The tail-wagging behavior, common among wagtails, is thought to help in startling prey and maintaining balance while foraging.
Nesting
The breeding season for the white-browed wagtail generally occurs from March to October, with a peak during the monsoon months. The species is monogamous, and pairs can be seen engaging in courtship displays that include synchronized flights and calls. Nests are typically built close to water in crevices, rock ledges, or man-made structures. The nest is a cup-shaped structure made from grass, roots, and other plant materials, often lined with softer fibers. The female lays 3-5 eggs, which are incubated for about 12-14 days. Both parents take part in feeding the chicks, which fledge about 14-16 days after hatching. This bird is highly territorial during the breeding season, and can be seen aggressively defending its territory from intruders.
Status
The white-browed wagtail is currently listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not considered threatened. This species benefits from its wide range and adaptability to human-modified habitats. However, local populations may be affected by pollution and habitat destruction, particularly in areas where freshwater resources are impacted by human activities.
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